Redditch is a town, and
local government district in north-east
Worcestershire, England, approximately south of
Birmingham. The district has a population of 85,000 as of 2019. In the 19th century it became the international centre for the
needle and
fishing tackle industry. At one point 90% of the world's needles were manufactured in the town and its neighbourhoods.
In the 1960s it became a model for modern
new town planning.
History

The first recorded mention of Redditch (''Red-Ditch'', thought to be a reference to the red clay of the nearby
River Arrow) is in 1348, the year of the outbreak of the
Black Death. During the
Middle Ages it became a centre of
needle-making and later prominent industries were fish-hooks, fishing tackle, motorcycles and
springs, the last of which was notably undertaken by Herbert Terry and Sons. Redditch was designated a
new town on 10 April 1964,
and the population increased dramatically from 32,000 to around 77,000. Housing developments such as
Church Hill, Matchborough, Winyates, Lodge Park and Woodrow were created to accommodate a large overspill from the industrially expanding Birmingham. Redditch was built as a "flagship" town using new methods and new town planning: all the main roads (mostly new dual carriageways as well as a ring road for the town centre) were banked to reduce noise to the new housing estates, and the whole of Redditch was landscaped.
By the 21st century needle-making and other traditional industries had been replaced by modern light industry and services, with Redditch also functioning as a
dormitory town for Birmingham. The automotive retailer
Halfords and engineering giant
GKN both have their headquarters in Redditch. Manufacturer of precious metal contacts Samuel Taylor Ltd has manufacturing plants within the town. Following the redevelopment of the flagship
Kingfisher Shopping Centre in 2002 Redditch is undergoing an economic and cultural renaissance.
The town is home to several historical sites. The
National Needle Museum and the ruins of
Bordesley Abbey are located in the Abbey Ward district, and the remains of a medieval moated settlement called
Moons Moat are within the Church Hill estate.
Governance
The parliamentary
constituency of Redditch is represented by
Rachel Maclean of the
Conservatives, elected in the
2017 General Election.
Redditch has a
Borough Council with councillors elected from the Wards of Redditch, which manages lower-tier local government services. Worcestershire County Council manages upper-tier services.
The foundation stone for Redditch Town Hall was laid in 1981. It cost £7.5 million to build and it was opened in 1982.
Geography
Redditch is in
Worcestershire, just south of the
West Midlands urban area. It is 15 miles (24 km) north of
Evesham on the
A435, which skirts it to the east. The main access routes are the
A441 via junction 2 of the
M42 Motorway, the
A435 from junction 3 of the M42 and the
A448 via junctions 4 or 5 of the
M5. The
Roman Road known as
Icknield Street is prominent, running north to south through the eastern side of the town.
Districts of Redditch
The Borough of Redditch is divided into several districts. To the east of the town are "New Town Districts" built in the 1970s and 1980s. To the west of the Borough are older "Former Village Districts" that dominate the south and west.
See:
Districts of Redditch
Since 2011, Redditch has participated in the
Greater Birmingham & Solihull Local Enterprise Partnership along with neighbouring authorities
Birmingham,
Bromsgrove,
Cannock Chase,
East Staffordshire,
Lichfield,
Solihull,
Tamworth and
Wyre Forest.
Green belt
Redditch is within a
green belt region that extends into the wider surrounding counties, and is in place to reduce
urban sprawl, prevent the towns in the nearby West Midlands conurbations centred around Birmingham and Coventry, discouraging further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, encourage
brownfield reuse, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within the designated areas, and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building.
The main urban area up to the Webheath, Walkwood, and Hunt End suburbs, Astwood Bank and the southernmost extent of the borough are exempt from the green belt area, bar small adjacent green belt 'wedges', but surrounding smaller villages, hamlets and rural areas such as Feckenham, Littleworth, Old Yarr and Ham Green up to the B4090 Salt Way road are 'washed over' by the designation. The green belt was first drawn up under
Worcestershire County Council, and the size in the borough in 2017 amounted to some .
Transport
The
M42 motorway is a short drive away and it is linked by dual carriageways and A-class roads to surrounding towns such as
Bromsgrove and
Evesham. There are regular bus services to Studley, Bromsgrove,
Catshill and
Birmingham.
Railway
The
Cross-City Line provides a regular train service via
Birmingham New Street to
Lichfield Trent Valley.
Redditch railway station, the southern terminus of the line, was first opened as the terminus of the Redditch Railway on 19 September 1859, alongside what is now Clive Road. This first station stayed until 4 May 1868 when the last section from
Alcester to Redditch of the Redditch and Evesham Railway was closed, at which point a second station was built alongside the junction of Bromsgrove Road and Plymouth Road. This station was provided with a standard Midland Railway design and two platforms. The current station, built in 1993, offers little more than a ticket office and a store.
Buses

There is an extensive network of local bus services run by
Diamond West Midlands and other operators (including Stagecoach, Johnsons Excel Bus and a community run bus). Many services run from the bus station in the town centre, a postcard of which was voted Britain's most boring postcard in a competition run by the photographer
Martin Parr. The bus station was rebuilt as part of the 2002 shopping centre expansion.
Some areas of Redditch have dedicated bus routes; however, there have been issues with safety on these routes and 3 children have died over the past 15 years.
Road system
Redditch is occasionally noted for its confusing road system dominated by a system of dual carriageways built when it became a
New Town, including the only
cloverleaf interchange in England at the junction of the A441 and the Bromsgrove-bound
A448. The system is designed to allow rapid flow of large volumes of traffic around the various
districts and into the town centre, whilst keeping fast moving vehicles separated from residential streets. Redditch was briefly famous (via
The Graham Norton Show) for a tongue-in-cheek calendar featuring its "picturesque" roundabouts created by a local printing company. The calendar was called, unsurprisingly, 'Roundabouts of Redditch' and it proved so successful that it sparked a national series. This self-similar pattern is found on a smaller scale in many of the modern estates in the town, which follow a
Radburn style of planned community.
Education
Redditch is one of the few areas of the country where the
three-tier system of first, middle and high schools still exists. Students attend
first school from the age of 4,
middle school from the age of 9, and
secondary school at the age of 13. Other areas of
Worcestershire adopted this system at the same time as Redditch (in the 1970s), but many have reverted to the traditional 5–7 infant, 7–11 junior and 11-16/18 secondary schools.
Redditch currently has four high schools (
RSA Academy Arrow Vale,
Saint Augustine's Catholic High School,
Tudor Grange Academy,
Trinity High School) and six middle schools.
Heart of Worcestershire College (often referred to locally as "HOW College") is a large general
further education college: one of its four campuses is in central Redditch; the other three are in Bromsgrove, Worcester and Malvern.
Amenities
Since June 2013 the swimming pool at Abbey Stadium leisure centre has been heated using waste heat diverted from Redditch Crematorium. Redditch Borough Council expects the scheme to reduce the leisure centre's gas bill by more than 40%, equivalent to an annual saving of about £15,000.
In popular culture
Malcolm Bradbury's novel ''
The History Man'', which was dramatised by the
BBC in 1981, contained a reference to Redditch when Flora Beniform, a
sociologist, mentioned to the hero Howard Kirk that she was studying an outbreak of
troilism in Redditch.
It is also sometimes reported as being mentioned in the
John Cooper Clarke song, 'Burnley', however
Reddish (a district in Greater Manchester) is the more likely interpretation.
Rik Mayall's ''Kevin Turvey – The Man Behind The Green Door'' was set and filmed in Redditch.
The 2012 film ''
Sightseers'' is partly set in Redditch.
Redditch is featured in a section heading in ''
An Utterly Impartial History of Britain'' by
John O'Farrell.
Birmingham and national TV comedian
Jasper Carrott makes Redditch a repeated butt of his jokes, for example over the difficulty of escaping the Redditch ring road.
There is thriving listed
theatre in Redditch called the
Palace Theatre.
Places of interest

*
Bordesley Abbey: remains of a former
Cistercian abbey, later used as a Royal Swannery.
*
Forge Mill Needle Museum: exhibition of traditional needle making.
Kingfisher Shopping Centre
Kingfisher Shopping Centre was opened in 1976 by the then Prime Minister
James Callaghan and now forms the town's primary retail centre.
The centre has over of retail space, with stores like
Debenhams,
Primark,
Next plc,
Boots UK,
H&M,
The Perfume Shop and
Warren James Jewellers. It is one of the largest covered shopping centres in the United Kingdom. In 2007, a cinema opened on the new upper floor and is now owned by
Vue Cinemas.
Arrow Valley Country Park

Redditch has of public open space in
Arrow Valley Country Park. This incorporates the Arrow Valley Lake, fed by the
River Arrow. The park incorporates a Local Nature Reserve, Proctor's Barn Meadow.
The Arrow Valley Countryside centre, opened in 2000 in the Country Park, has a lakeside café, gift shop and an interactive exhibition. The lake is also used for water sports. There are four waymarked trails for walking and cycling around the lake and through the Country Park. There is a skate park in the south of the park with walks along the river Arrow through the Country Park to the
Forge Mill Museum in the north. There are interactive events and family activities at the Countryside Centre and a comprehensive children's play area.
Royal Enfield motorcycles
Redditch was the home of the
Royal Enfield motorcycle. This is where the main factory of the original company was located and the business continued manufacturing until the 1960s, the last model being the
Interceptor. The Redditch factory was closed in 1967 and production was moved to the
Bradford on Avon factory, which closed in 1970, ending English Enfield manufacturing. In the mid 1950s, the company established a partner,
Madras Motors, in
Madras, India, who manufactured the
Bullet 350 model. The Indian factory is still very successful, with new Indian models and has taken Royal Enfield into its third century of manufacturing. Some of the original factory buildings in Redditch still remain, most are in a derelict state and can be seen from Hewell Road. Some buildings have been taken over and now make the old part of Enfield Industrial Estate close to the town centre on Hewell Road.
Notable people
*
John Bonham (1948–1980), musician with
Led Zeppelin, was born in Redditch and attended Bridley Moor High School.
*
Lionel Britton (1887–1971), novelist and writer of science fiction plays was born at
Astwood Bank now a suburb of Redditch.
*
Russell Brookes (born 1945), British rally champion
*
Nigel Clark from band
Dodgy grew up in Redditch and went to The Leys High school, now
Tudor Grange Academy Redditch
*
Charlie Clemmow, soap actress who is best known for her role as
Imogen Hollins in the BBC soap, ''
Doctors''. She grew up in
Astwood Bank.
*
Stacy Coldicott (born 1974), footballer,
West Bromwich Albion and
Grimsby Town F.C. was born in Redditch.
*
Charles Dance (born 1946), actor, born in Redditch
*
Jimmy Davis (1982–2003), footballer,
Manchester United,
Swindon Town and
Watford F.C.. Born in
Bromsgrove, his funeral took place at Redditch Crematorium.
*
Jonathan Dow, actor was born in Redditch.
*
Ruth England (born 1970), TV presenter, educated in Redditch
*
Luke Johnson, musician,
Lostprophets was born in Redditch.
*
Antony Johnston, author, was raised in Redditch.
*
Zoë Lister, actor ''
Hollyoaks'' trained at the Starlight School of Dance in Winyates, Redditch.
*
Joe Lolley, footballer,
Nottingham Forest,
ex-Huddersfield Town and
Kidderminster Harriers was born in Redditch.
*
Tony Martin (born 1957), singer,
Black Sabbath frontman 1987–1991, 1994–1997
*
Tom Paddock (1822–1863) was born in Redditch, and known as the "Redditch Needlepointer", champion
heavyweight bare-knuckle boxer of England in 1856
*
Freddie Starr (1943-2019) lived in Mappleborough Green, just outside Redditch.
*
Harry Styles (born 1994) born in Redditch. Raised in
Holmes Chapel. Member of
boy band One Direction.
*
Jacqui Smith, former MP for Redditch and first female British Home Secretary
*
Alan Styler, (1925–1970) D'Oyly Carte Opera Company baritone, 1947–1968 was born and raised in Redditch.
*
John Taylor (born 1960), musician,
Duran Duran, went to
Abbey High School in Redditch
*
Raymond Thompson, scriptwriter and TV producer, born in Redditch. Creator of hit New Zealand teen/sci-fi television series ''
The Tribe''
*
Archer Windsor-Clive (1890–1914), cricketer
Town twinning
In 1956 Redditch was twinned with Auxerre in Burgundy, France. This twinning proved sufficiently popular to form an organisation named The Friends of Auxerre (FoA). At the beginning of June each year the coupling of these two towns is officially celebrated.
In 1986 Redditch was twinned with Mtwara in Tanzania. Frequent events are organised with assistance from the community of Tanzanian students at
Birmingham University and
Selly Oak College.
*
Auxerre, France
*
Mtwara,
Tanzania
Friendship links
Redditch also has formal "Friendship" links with:
*
St. Elizabeth,
Jamaica,
West Indies
*
Gruchet-le-Valasse, France
*
Gujar Khan,
Pakistan
Sport
Redditch sport teams include:
*
Redditch United F.C. playing
Football in the
*
Redditch Borough F.C. playing
Football in the
*
NEW Ravens playing
Rugby league in the
Midlands Rugby League Premier Division
*
Redditch RFC playing
Rugby Union in the
Midlands 4 West (South)
*
Redditch CC playing
Cricket in the
Worcestershire County Cricket League
*Redditch Arrows American football Team
*
Longmeadow Redditch Badminton Club playing
Badminton with 8 teams in the Worcestershire and Solihull Leagues.
*
Redditch Roller Sports Club Roller Derby and Recretational Roller Skating Instruction
*Bromsgrove and Redditch Athletic Club
*Redditch Rockets Skater Hockey Club
*
Redditch Swimming Club
*
The Redditch Road and Path Cycling Club
Climate
Redditch has an
oceanic climate (
Köppen climate classification ''Cfb'') similar to almost all of the United Kingdom.
See also
*
Districts of Redditch
References
External links
Website of RedditchRedditch Local History Group– Local History Group based at Forge Mill Museum
{{Authority control
Category:Towns in Worcestershire
Category:New towns in England
Category:Non-metropolitan districts of Worcestershire
Category:Radburn design housing estates
Category:New towns started in the 1960s