| Total population | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| c. 400,000 | |||||||||||||
| Regions with significant populations | |||||||||||||
 United States | 291,045 (2013) (Yugoslav American)[1] | ||||||||||||
 Canada | 38,480 (2016) (Yugoslav Canadian)[2] | ||||||||||||
 Australia | 26,883 (2011)[3] | ||||||||||||
 Serbia | 23,303 (2011) (Yugoslavs in Serbia)[4] | ||||||||||||
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2,507 (2013) | ||||||||||||
 Montenegro | 1,154 (2011)[5] | ||||||||||||
 Slovenia | 527 (2002)[6] | ||||||||||||
 Croatian: Jugoslaveni, Serbian and Macedonian Jugosloveni/Југословени; Slovene: Jugoslovani) is a designation that was originally designed to refer to a united South Slavic people. It has been used in two connotations, the first in an ethnic or supra-ethnic connotation, and the second as a term for citizens of the former Yugoslavia. Cultural and political advocates of Yugoslav identity have historically ascribed the identity to be applicable to all people of South Slav heritage, including those of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia. Attempts at uniting Bulgaria into Yugoslavia were however unsuccessful and therefore Bulgarians were not included in the panethnic identification.
Since the dissolution of Yugoslavia and the establishment of South Slavic nation states, the term ethnic Yugoslavs has been used to refer to those who exclusively view themselves as Yugoslavs with no other ethnic self-identification, many of these being of mixed ancestry.[8] In late 19th and early 20th century, influential public intellectuals Jovan Cvijić and Vladimir Dvorniković advocated that Yugoslavs, as a supra-ethnic nation, had "many tribal ethnicities, such as Croats, Serbs, and others within it".[9] In the former Yugoslavia, the official designation for those who declared themselves simply as Yugoslav was with quotation marks, "Yugoslavs" (introduced in census 1971). The quotation marks were originally meant to distinguish Yugoslav ethnicity from Yugoslav citizenship – which was written without quotation marks. The majority of those who had once identified as ethnic "Yugoslavs" reverted to or adopted traditional ethnic and national identities. Some also decided to turn to sub-national regional identifications, especially in multi-ethnic historical regions like Istria, Vojvodina, or Bosnia (hence Bosnians). The Yugoslav designation, however, continues to be used by many, especially by the descendants of Yugoslav migrants in the United States, Canada, and Australia while the country still existed. See also
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